Automatic Voltage Regulator

The automatic voltage regulator mainly ensures the stability of the output voltage through the voltage regulation circuit. Common types of automatic voltage regulators include electromagnetic induction, electronic servo and electronic switch. The electromagnetic induction automatic voltage regulator uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to adjust the output voltage by changing the turns ratio of the transformer. When the input voltage fluctuates, the voltage detection circuit inside the automatic voltage regulator will sense this change, and then control the electromagnetic mechanism to adjust the number of turns of the transformer, so that the output voltage remains within the set range.

When the grid voltage fluctuates within a certain range, the electromagnetic induction automatic voltage regulator can effectively stabilize the output voltage at the standard value required by the equipment to ensure the normal operation of the production equipment.

The electronic servo automatic voltage regulator uses a servo motor to adjust the tap position of the variable resistor or transformer to achieve voltage stability. It has the characteristics of fast response speed and high voltage stabilization accuracy, and is suitable for precision instruments and equipment with high voltage stability requirements, such as electronic testing equipment and medical equipment in laboratories.

The electronic switch automatic voltage regulator uses the switching characteristics of power electronic devices (such as thyristors, IGBTs, etc.) to adjust the output voltage by quickly switching the circuit topology. This automatic voltage regulator has the advantages of high efficiency and small size. It is widely used in modern electronic equipment and power systems. For example, in the power management system of computer rooms, it can provide stable power guarantee for a large number of servers.

A. Key technical indicators of automatic voltage regulator:

1. Voltage regulation accuracy:

Voltage regulation accuracy is one of the important indicators to measure the performance of automatic voltage regulator. Generally speaking, the voltage regulation accuracy of high-quality automatic voltage regulators can reach ±1%-±3%. For example, for an automatic voltage regulator with an output voltage set to 220V, if its voltage regulation accuracy is ±1%, the actual output voltage will fluctuate between 217.8V-222.2V. In some occasions with extremely high voltage requirements, such as electronic chip manufacturing factories, the voltage regulation accuracy is required to reach ±0.1% to ensure that the chip manufacturing equipment is not affected by voltage fluctuations during the production process, and to ensure the quality and production efficiency of the chip.

2. Response time:

The response time reflects the reaction speed of the automatic voltage regulator to changes in input voltage. Different types of automatic voltage regulators have different response times. The response time of electronic switch automatic voltage regulators is shorter, usually in milliseconds or even microseconds. For example, when the grid voltage suddenly fluctuates (such as voltage spikes caused by lightning or voltage drops caused by the startup of large equipment), the electronic switch automatic voltage regulator can respond quickly and adjust the output voltage in a very short time to protect the connected electrical equipment from the impact of voltage mutations. The response time of electromagnetic induction automatic voltage regulators is relatively long, generally between tens of milliseconds and hundreds of milliseconds, but in some industrial scenarios where the response speed is not high, it can still meet the basic voltage stabilization needs.

B. Application of automatic voltage regulators in different scenarios:

1. Role in household electricity:

In the home environment, the automatic voltage regulator can protect various household appliances. With the increase of smart appliances and high-power appliances (such as air conditioners, electric water heaters, etc.) in the home, the grid voltage is prone to fluctuations. The automatic voltage regulator can ensure that TVs, refrigerators, computers and other equipment work at a stable voltage. For example, during the peak power consumption in summer, the grid voltage may drop. Without the automatic voltage regulator, the air conditioner may have a poor cooling effect due to insufficient voltage, or even fail to start normally; with the automatic voltage regulator, the air conditioner can continue to operate stably, provide a comfortable indoor environment, and also extend the service life of household appliances, reducing the damage caused by unstable voltage. Equipment failure and maintenance costs.

2. Importance in industrial production:

Industrial production has extremely high requirements for power stability. In mechanical processing, electronic manufacturing, chemical industry and other industries, various production equipment such as CNC machine tools, automated production lines, precision instruments, etc. require stable voltage supply. For example, in an electronic manufacturing workshop, a small voltage fluctuation may cause problems such as poor welding of electronic components and chip damage, thereby affecting product quality and production efficiency. The automatic voltage regulator can provide reliable power guarantee for the entire industrial production process, avoid production interruptions and increased product defective rate caused by voltage problems, ensure the continuity and stability of industrial production, and reduce the operating costs and losses of enterprises.